服务网关Gateway

odliken • • Java, Spring Cloud
内容纲要

服务网关在微服务中的应用

  • 官方主推
  • 底层Netty构建
  • 社区维护

    Gateway做什么

    1. 路由寻址(主要)
    2. 负载均衡(Ribbon)
    3. 限流
    4. 鉴权

      第二代网关组件Gateway介绍(Zuul的对比)

      Gateway Zuul 1.x Zuul 1.x
      靠谱性 官方支持 曾经靠谱过 专业放鸽子
      性能 Netty 同步阻塞性能慢 Netty
      RPS >32000 20000左右 25000左右
      Spring Cloud 已整合 已整合 占无整合计划
      长链接 支持 不支持 支持
      编程体验 略难 简单易上手 略难
      调试&链路追踪 略难 无压力 略难
  • 用Gateway

    Gateway急速落地

    创建gateway-sample项目

    1. 引入依赖 
      <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis-reactive</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
    2. 创建启动类 
      @EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class GatewayApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GatewayApplication.class,args);
}
}
    3. 配置文件 
      server:
port: 65000
spring:
rabbitmq:
username: gateway-service
cloud:
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
  enabled: true
eureka:
instance:
preferIpAddress: true
instance-id: ${spring.cloud.client.ip-address}:${server.port}
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:20000/eureka/
management:
security:
enabled: false
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: "*"
endpoint:
health:
show-details: always

      连接Eureka自动创建路由

    4. 启动服务
    5. 验证路由规则
    6. 设置小写访问 
      spring:
application:
name: gateway-service
cloud:
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
  enabled: true
  # 新增
  lower-case-service-id: true
    7. 验证路由规则
  • url: http://localhost:65000/actuator/gateway/routes/{动态路由名称}
  • 传参格式: application/json
  • 传参数据 
    {
"predicates":[
    {
    "name":"Path",
    "args":{
        "_genkey_0":"/dynamic/**"
        }
    }
],
"filters":[
    {
        "name":"StripPrefix",
        "args":{
            "_genkey_0":"1"
        }
    }
],
"uri":"lb://FEIGN-CLIENT",
"order":0
}

    相关接口文档

    Gateway断言功能

    Path断言

    1. 使用Path断言转发请求(yml配置＋java配置)
  • yml配置 
    spring:
application:
name: gateway-service
cloud:
gateway:
  discovery:
    locator:
      enabled: true
      lower-case-service-id: true
  # 新增
  routes:
  - id: feignclient
    uri: lb://FEIGN-CLIENT
    predicates:
    - Path=/yml/**
    filters:
    - StripPrefix=1

  • java配置

    @Configuration
public class GatewayConfiguration {
@Bean
@Order
public RouteLocator customizedRoutes(RouteLocatorBuilder builder){
    return builder.routes()
            .route(r-> r.path("/java/**")
                .and().method(HttpMethod.GET)
                .and().header("name")
                .filters(f->f.stripPrefix(1)
                    .addRequestHeader("java-param","gateway-config")
                )
                .uri("lb://FEIGN-CLIENT")
            ).build();
}
}

    After断言

    1. 创建模拟下单接口 
      
@RestController
@Slf4j
@RequestMapping("/gateway")
public class GatewayController {
public static final Map<Long, Product> items = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    @GetMapping("/details")
    public Product get(@RequestParam("pid") Long pid) {
    if (items.containsKey(pid)) {
    Product prod = Product.builder()
    .productId(pid)
    .description("好吃不贵")
    .stock(100L)
    .build();
    items.putIfAbsent(pid, prod);
    }
    return items.get(pid);
    }

    @PostMapping("/placeOrder")
    public String buy(@RequestParam("pid") String pid) {
    Product prod = items.get(pid);
    if (prod == null) {
    return "Product not found";
    } else if (prod.getStock() <= 0L) {
    return "Sold out";
    }
    synchronized (prod) {
    if (prod.getStock() <= 0L) {
    return "Sold out";
    }
    prod.setStock(prod.getStock()-1);
    }
    return "Order Placed";
    }
    }

  1. 通过After断言设置生效时间

    @Configuration
public class GatewayConfiguration {
@Bean
@Order
public RouteLocator customizedRoutes(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) {
    return builder.routes()
            .route(r -> r.path("/java/**")
                    .and().method(HttpMethod.GET)
                    .and().header("name")
                    .filters(f -> f.stripPrefix(1)
                            .addRequestHeader("java-param", "gateway-config")
                    )
                    .uri("lb://FEIGN-CLIENT")
            )
            .route(r -> r.path("/seckill/**")
                    .and().after(ZonedDateTime.now().plusMinutes(1))
                    // .and().before()
                    // .and().between()
                    .filters(f -> f.stripPrefix(1))
                    .uri("lb://FEIGN-CLIENT"))

            .build();
}
}

    Gat过滤器原理和生命周期

    自定义过滤器

    @Slf4j
@Component
public class TimerFilter implements GatewayFilter, Ordered {
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
    StopWatch timer = new StopWatch();
    timer.start(exchange.getRequest().getURI().getRawPath());
//        exchange.getAttributes().put("requestTimeBegain",System.currentTimeMillis());
    return chain.filter(exchange).then(
            Mono.fromRunnable(()->{
                timer.stop();
                log.info(timer.prettyPrint());
            })

    );
}

@Override
public int getOrder() {
    return 0;
}
}

    添加TimerFilter到路由

    • 局部filter 
      .route(r -> r.path("/java/**")
.and().method(HttpMethod.GET)
.and().header("name")
.filters(f -> f.stripPrefix(1)
        .addRequestHeader("java-param", "gateway-config")
        .filter(timerFilter)
)
.uri("lb://FEIGN-CLIENT")
)
    • 全局filter
      将TimerFilter实现的GatewayFilter换为GlobalFilter
THE END
分享
二维码
< <上一篇
下一篇>>